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February 13, 2012


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Board on Physics and Astronomy
The National Academies
500 Fifth Street NW
Washington, DC 20001

Phone: 202-334-3520
Fax: 202-334-3575
E-mail: bpa@nas.edu

Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey

Science White Papers

The Astro2010 Science White Papers were used as input to charges investigated by the Science Frontier Panels. The list below is of all the science white papers received by the close of the submission window on February 15, 2009. You can download the text of each science white paper below.

Science White Papers Received by Science Frontier Panel

Planetary Systems and Star Formation
Stars and Stellar Evolution Panel
The Galactic Neighborhood Panel
Galaxies Across Cosmic Time Panel
Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Panel

Planetary Systems and Star Formation

	White Paper Title	Lead Author	Science Frontier Target
1.	Searching for the Secrets of Massive Star Birth	Bally, John	PSF, GAN
2.	Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems	Beichman, Charles	PSF
3.	A Census of Explanets in Orbits Beyond 0.5 AU via Space-based Microlensing	Bennett, David P.	PSF
4.	Achieving the Goals and Objectives of the 2008 NASA Astrobiology Roadmap	Boss, Alan	PSF
5.	Science-Operational Metrics and Issues for the "Are We Alone?" Movement	Brown, Robert A.	PSF
6.	Fragmentation in Molecular Clouds and the Origin of the Stellar Initial Mass Function	Carpenter, John	PSF
7.	Mass Transport Processes and their Roles in the Formation, Structure, and Evolution of Stars and Stellar Systems	Carpenter, Kenneth G.	PSF, SSE
8.	Comparative Planetology: Transiting Exoplanet Science with JWST	Clampin, Mark	PSF
9.	O/IR Polarimetry for the 2010 Decade (PSF): Science at the Edge, Sharp Tools for All	Clemens, Dan	PSF
10.	Comets and Origin of the Solar System	Coanga, Jean-Maurice	PSF
11.	Science at Very High Resolution: The Expected and the Unexpected	Creech-Eakman, Michelle	PSF, SSE, GAN
12.	New Astrophysical Opportunities Exploiting Spatio-Temporal Optical Correlations	de Wit, Willem-Jan	PSF, SSE
13.	Exoplanet Forum: Transit Chapter	Deming, Drake	PSF
14.	Finding and Characterizing SuperEarth Exoplanets Using Transits and Eclipses	Deming, Drake	PSF
15.	Young stellar clusters and star formation throughout the Galaxy	Feigelson, Eric	PSF
16.	X-ray Studies of Planetary Systems - An Astro2010 Decadal Survey White Paper	Feigelson, Eric	PSF, GAN
17.	From Discovery to Understanding: Principles for Maximizing Scientific Return on Exoplanet Research	Ford, Eric B.	PSF
18.	The Scientific Capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope	Gardner, Jonathan P.	PSF, SEE, GAN, GCT, CFP
19.	The Demographics of Extrasolar Planets Beyond the Snow Line with Ground-based Microlensing Surveys	Gaudi, B. Scott	PSF
20.	MARVELS: Revealing the Formation and Dynamical Evolution of Giant Planet Systems	Ge, Jian	PSF
21.	Dissipation Timescale of Gas Disk	Goto, Miwa	PSF
22.	Wide Field Imager in Space for Dark Energy and Planets	Gould, Andrew	PSF, CFP
23.	Discovering and Characterizing the Planetary Systems of Nearby Stars	Greene, Tom	PSF
24.	Reference Science Case for a MOAO-fed Deployable-IFU IR Spectrograph (MDIRS) on Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT): Surveys of Star Formation Over Cosmological Timescales	Guzman, Rafael	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
25.	Main Belt Comets: Asteroid belt’s new class of objects and possible source of water and volatiles for the Earth	Haghighipour, Nader	PSF
26.	High-Accuracy Measurements of Variations in Transit Timing: A New Method for Detecting Terrestrial-Class Extrasolar Planets	Haghighipour, Nader	PSF
27.	Surveying the inner Solar System	Harris, Alan W.	PSF
28.	Large-scale, Optical/Near-IR Galaxy Surveys with a 4-m Space Telescope	Heap, Sara R.	PSF
29.	The Direct Approach to Finding Earth-Like Planets	Heap, Sara R.	PSF, GCT, CFP
30.	Heavy-Molecule Astrochemistry: Precursors to Life?	Heiles, Carl	PSF, GAN, GCT
31.	Seeing another Earth: Detecting and Characterizing Rocky Planets with Extremely Large Telescopes	Hinz, Philip	PSF
32.	Resolving water vapor in planet-forming disks	Hogerheijde, Michiel R.	PSF
33.	Debris disks: Signposts to planetary systems	Holland, Wayne	PSF
34.	Dust Astronomy	Horanyi, Mihaly	PSF, GAN
35.	Is There a Need for an Improved Celestial Reference Frame ?	Johnston, Kenneth	PSF, GAN, GCT, CFP
36.	Next steps in understanding the outer solar system	Jones, Lynne	PSF
37.	Exoplanet Characterization and the Search for Life	Kasting, James	PSF
38.	The Exploration of the Unkown	Kellermann, Kenneth	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
39.	Million Degree Plasmas in Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Astrophysics	Kowalski, Michael P.	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
40.	The Formation and Architecture of Young Planetary Systems	Kraus, Adam L.	PSF
41.	No Planet Left Behind: Investigating Planetary Architecture and Diversity with SIM Lite	Kulkarni, Shri	PSF
42.	No Planet Left Behind: Investigating Planetary Architecture and Diversity with SIM Lite	Kulkarni, Shri R.	PSF
43.	Planets Around M-dwarfs - Astrometric Detection and Orbit Characterization	Law, Nicholas	PSF
44.	The Dynamic Radio Sky: An Opportunity for Discovery	Lazio, Joseph	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
45.	Magnetospheric Emissions from Extrasolar Planets	Lazio, Joseph	PSF
46.	Characterizing Extrasolar Planetary Systems	Leisawitz, David	PSF
47.	Molecular Universe: From the Diffuse Interstellar Medium to Planetary Systems	Lis, Dariusz C.	PSF
48.	The space distribution of nearby star-forming regions	Loinard, Laurent	PSF
49.	Star Formation's Dependence on Environment	Lu, Jessica R.	PSF, GAN
50.	Direct detection and spectroscopic characterizatoin of extrasolar planets	Macintosh, Bruce	PSF
51.	The Origin of the Solar System: Progress in Understanding Accretion from its End Products	Magri, Cristopher	PSF
52.	The Search for Habitable Environments and Life in the Universe	Meadows, Victoria	PSF
53.	How and When Do Planets Form? The Inner Regions of Planet Forming Disks at High Spatial and Spectral Resolution	Millan-Gabet, Rafael	PSF
54.	Dust Enshrouded Star and Planet Formation	Mundy, Lee G.	PSF
55.	Combining JDEM and Exoplanet Missions	Noecker, M. Charles	PSF, CFP
56.	Planetary Systems and Star Formation with JWST	Rieke, George	PSF
57.	Understanding Habitability and Characterizing ExoEarths: The Role of Debris Disks	Roberge, Aki	PSF
58.	Understanding the Evolution of Molecules in Space: Implications for Astrophysics, Astrochemistry, and Astrobiology	Sandford, Scott	PSF, GAN, GCT
59.	New Worlds: Evaluating terrestrial planets as astrophysical objects	Scharf, Caleb A.	PSF
60.	A Proposal for a Renewed Research Emphasis in Astrophysical and Celestial Dynamics	Scheeres, Daniel	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT
61.	Dynamos and magnetic fields of the Sun and other cool stars, and their role in the formation and evolution of stars and in the habitability of planets	Schrijver, Carolus J.	PSF, SSE
62.	Structure and Evolution of Pre-Main Sequence Stars	Schulz, Norbert S.	PSF ,SSE
63.	The Magellanic Clouds Survey: a Bridge to Nearby Galaxies	Scowen, Paul	PSF, SSE, GAN
64.	Understanding Global Galactic Star Formation	Scowen, Paul	PSF, SSE
65.	From Protostars to Planetary Systems: FUV Spectroscopy of YSOs, Protoplanetary Disks and Extrasolar Giant Planets	Scowen, Paul	PSF
66.	Astrometric Detection of Earthlike Planets	Shao, Michael	PSF
67.	Direct Detection of Earths and the Need for High Angular Resolution	Shao, Michael	PSF
68.	Direct Detection and Spectroscopy of Exo-Earths; The Need for High Angular Resolution and Other Observational Requirements	Shao, Michael	PSF
69.	The time axis in stellar evolution	Soderblom, David R.	PSF, SSE
70.	Study of Planetary Systems and Solar System Objects with JWST	Sonneborn, George	PSF
71.	Two-Photon_Absorption_by_H2_Molecules:_Origin_of_the_2175A_Astronomical_Band?	Sorokin, Peter P.	PSF, SSE
72.	Exoplanet Molecular Spectroscopy	Swain, Mark R.	PSF
73.	Advancing the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence	Tarter, Jill	PSF
74.	The Search for Life's Origins Using High-Resolution Mid-IR Spectroscopy at a Giant Groundbased Telescope	Telesco, Charles	PSF
75.	Characterization of Extra-solar Planets with Direct-Imaging Techniques	Tinetti, Giovanna	PSF
76.	Looking for New Earth in the Coming Decade with Direct Imaging	Turnbull, Maggie	PSF
77.	The Detection of Habitable Earth-Mass Planets Using Ground-based Optical Telescopes and Precision Radial Velocities	Vogt, Steven S.	PSF
78.	Astronomy on Antarctic Plateau	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
79.	Spectropolarimetry of the Next Decade	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT
80.	Problems in Circumstellar Disks and Planet Formation	Weinberger, Alycia	PSF
81.	Centimeter Wave Star Formation Studies in the Galaxy from Radio Sky Surveys	Welch, William J.	PSF, SSE
82.	X-Ray Studies of Stars and Planets with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Resolution	Wolk, Scott	PSF, SSE
83.	Investigations of the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems	Wootten, Al	PSF
84.	New Discoveries in Planetary Systems and Star Formation through Advances in Laboratory Astrophysics	Working Group on Laboratory Astrophysics	PSF
85.	Time Domain Research in Astronomy	York, Donald G.	PSF, SSE, CFP
86.	Plasma Astrophysics Problems in Star and Planet Formation	Zweibel, Ellen	PSF

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Stars and Stellar Evolution

	White Paper Title	Lead Author	Science Frontier Target
1.	Cosmic Accelerators	Arons, Jonathan	SSE, GAN, GCT
2.	X-ray Timing of Neutron Stars, Astrophysical Probes of Extreme Physics	Arzoumanian, Zaven	SSE, CFP
3.	Fundamental Stellar Astrophysics Revealed at Very High Angular Resolution	Aufdenberg, Jason	SSE
4.	The Solar Chromosphere: Old Challenges, New Frontiers	Ayres, Thomas R.	SSE
5.	3-D Radiative Transfer in the Next Decade	Baron, Eddie	SSE
6.	Particle Acceleration and Transport on the Sun	Bastian, Tim	SSE
7.	Astrometry - Challenging our Understanding of Stellar Structure and Evolution	Benedict, G. Fritz	SSE, GAN
8.	Coordinated Science in the Gravitational and Electromagnetic Skies	Bloom, Josh	SSE, GCT, CFP
9.	Nuclei in the Cosmos	Brown, Edward	SSE
10.	Understanding Activity in Low Mass Stars	Browning, Matthew	SSE
11.	Toward the End of Stars: Discovering the Galaxy’s Coldest Brown Dwarfs	Burgasser, Adam	SSE, GAN
12.	Mass Transport Processes and their Roles in the Formation, Structure, and Evolution of Stars and Stellar Systems	Carpenter, Kenneth G.	PSF, SSE
13.	From Molecular to Highly-Charged Ions: Expansion of Laboratory Astrophysics Through the Use of the Electrostatic Storage Ring and Electron Beam Ion Trap	Chutjian, Ara	SSE, GAN, CFP
14.	Extremely Metal-Poor Stars: The Local High Redshift Universe	Cohen, Judith	SSE, GAN
15.	Tests of Gravity and Neutron Star Properties from Precision Pulsar Timing and Interferometry	Cordes, James	SSE, CFP
16.	Measuring Stellar Ages and the History of the Milky Way	Covey, Kevin R.	SSE, GAN
17.	Science at Very High Resolution: The Expected and the Unexpected	Creech-Eakman, Michelle	PSF, SSE, GAN
18.	Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs Beyond the Solar Neighborhood	Cruz, Kelle	SSE, GAN
19.	New Astrophysical Opportunities Exploiting Spatio-Temporal Optical Correlations	de Wit, Willem-Jan	PSF, SSE
20.	Astrophysics with radioactive atomic nuclei	Diehl, Roland	SSE, GAN
21.	Balloon and Space based Cosmic Ray Astrophysics	Ellison, Donald	SSE, GAN, CFP
22.	Magnetic flux emergence on the Sun and Sun-like stars	Fan, Yuhong	SSE
23.	Constraining the Bulk Properties of Dense Matter by Measuring Millisecond Pulsar Masses	Freire, Paulo C.	SSE
24.	The Scientific Capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope	Gardner, Jonathan P.	PSF, SEE, GAN, GCT, CFP
25.	Asteroseismology: The Next Frontier in Stellar Astrophysics	Giampapa, Mark	SSE
26.	Causes of Solar Activity	Giampapa, Mark	SSE
27.	Magnetically driven activity in the solar corona: a path to understanding the energetics of astrophysical plasmas	Gibson, Sarah	SSE, GCT
28.	Nuclear Resonances: The quest for large column densities and a new tool	Greiner, Jochen	SSE, GCT
29.	Measuring the Accreting Stellar and Intermediate Mass Black Hole Populations in the Galaxy and Local Group	Grindlay, Jonathan	SSE, GCT
30.	Reference Science Case for a MOAO-fed Deployable-IFU IR Spectrograph (MDIRS) on Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT): Surveys of Star Formation Over Cosmological Timescales	Guzman, Rafael	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
31.	The Stars as a Sun: Secular Variations of Cycling and Non-Cycling Stars	Hall, Jeffrey C.	SSE
32.	What is the Physics of Pulsar Radio Emission?	Hankins, Tim H.	SSE
33.	Tracing the Cosmic Star Formation History to its Beginnings: GRBs as Tools	Hartmann, Dieter H.	SSE, GCT, CFP
34.	Engineering Einstein: Astrophysical Black Holes	Hawley, John	SSE, GCT
35.	Ground-Based Astrometry 2010-2020	Henry, Todd	SSE, GAN
36.	Stellar Physics of the Solar Interior in the Coming Decade	Hill, Frank	SSE
37.	O/IR Polarimetry for the 2010 Decade (SSE): Science at the Edge, Sharp Tools for All	Hoffman, Jennifer L.	SSE
38.	SN Science 2010-2020	Howell, D. Andrew	SSE, CFP
39.	Formation of the Elements	Hughes, John P.	SSE, GAN
40.	Medium Energy Gamma-Ray Astrophysics	Hunter, Stanley D.	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
41.	High Energy Processes in Stellar Remnants	Kaaret, Philip	SSE, GAN
42.	Resolved Stellar Populations in the Milky Way	Kalirai, Jason	SSE, GAN
43.	White Dwarfs as Astrophysical Probes	Kalirai, Jason	SSE, GAN
44.	Solar and Heliospheric Physics with Low Frequency Radio Arrays	Kasper, Justin	SSE, CFP
45.	Echoes of Black Holes: In Search of Rapidly Spinning Black Holes with Timing Observations	Kazanas, Demosthenes	SSE, GCT, CFP
46.	Generation, Evolution and Destruction of Solar Magnetic Fields	Keil, Stephen L.	SSE, CFP
47.	The Exploration of the Unkown	Kellermann, Kenneth	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
48.	Photometric Calibrations for 21st Century Science	Kent, Stephen	SSE, GCT, CFP
49.	The Role of Dwarf Galaxies in Building Large Stellar Halos	Kirby, Evan	SSE, GAN
50.	Solar Dynamo and Magnetic Self-Organization	Kosovichev, Alexander	SSE
51.	Million Degree Plasmas in Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Astrophysics	Kowalski, Michael P.	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
52.	Transients in the Local Universe	Kulkarni, Shri	SSE, GAN, CFP
53.	Extreme Astrophysics with Neutron Stars	Lai, Dong	SSE, CFP
54.	The Dynamic Radio Sky: An Opportunity for Discovery	Lazio, Joseph	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
55.	Nuclear Gamma-Ray Astrophysics	Leising, Mark	SSE
56.	Temporal Variability of Stars and Stellar Systems	Lister, Tim	SSE
57.	A White Paper on US WEB-Based Astronomical Services	Madore, Barry F.	SSE, GAN, GCT
58.	Measuring the Spins of Stellar-Mass Black Holes	McClintock, Jeffrey E.	SSE, CFP
59.	X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Polarimetry	McConnell, Mark	SSE
60.	In Situ Probes of the First Galaxies and Reionization: Gamma-ray Bursts	McQuinn, Matthew	SSE, GCT, CFP
61.	The First Stars, Supernovae, Nucleosynthesis and Galactic Evolution	McWilliam, Andrew	SSE, GAN
62.	Stellar Populations with JWST: the Beginning and the End	Meixner, Margaret	SSE, GAN
63.	Stellar-Mass Black Holes and Their Progenitors	Miller, Jon M.	SSE
64.	High Energy Cosmic Ray Electrons; Scientific Objectives and Perspectives	Mitchell, John W.	SSE, GAN, CFP
65.	Bridging the Gap Between Stars and Planets: The Formation and Early Evolution of Brown Dwarfs	Mohanty, Subhanjoy	SSE
66.	Observational Studies of Potential Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae	Mukai, Koji	SSE, CFP
67.	An Era of Precision Astrophysics: Connecting Stars, Galaxies and the Universe	Olling, Rob P.	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
68.	Mass-Loss and Magnetic Fields as Revealed Through Stellar X-ray Spectroscopy	Osten, Rachel	SSE
69.	Probing neutron stars with gravitational waves	Owen, Benjamin J.	SSE
70.	The Behavior Of Matter Under Extreme Conditions	Paerels, Frits	SSE, CFP
71.	Finding and Using Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources	Phinney, E. Sterl	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
72.	X-rays from Supernovae: A Unique Window on the Late Stages of Massive Star Evolution	Pooley, David	SSE
73.	Type II Supernovae as Probes of Cosmlogy	Poznanski, Dovi	SSE, CFP
74.	The Promise of Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Astronomy	Prince, Tom	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
75.	Quantifying Stellar Mass Loss with High Angular Resolution Imaging	Ridgway, Stephen	SSE
76.	Physics of the Accretion Mound at the Magnetic Poles of Neutron Stars	Rothschild, Richard	SSE
77.	Heating of Stellar Winds	Russell, Christopher	SSE
78.	Understanding Mass-Loss and the Late Evolution of Intermediate Mass Stars: Jets, Disks, Binarity, Dust, and Magnetic Fields	Sahai, Raghvendra	SSE
79.	New Frontiers in Binary Stars: Science at High Angular Resolution	Schaefer, Gail	SSE
80.	A Proposal for a Renewed Research Emphasis in Astrophysical and Celestial Dynamics	Scheeres, Daniel	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT
81.	Dynamos and magnetic fields of the Sun and other cool stars, and their role in the formation and evolution of stars and in the habitability of planets	Schrijver, Carolus J.	PSF, SSE
82.	Structure and Evolution of Pre-Main Sequence Stars	Schulz, Norbert S.	PSF ,SSE
83.	The Magellanic Clouds Survey: a Bridge to Nearby Galaxies	Scowen, Paul	PSF, SSE, GAN
84.	Understanding Global Galactic Star Formation	Scowen, Paul	PSF, SSE
85.	The Origin of the Galactic Cosmic Radiation	Sinnis, Gus	SSE
86.	Supernovae and Their Consequences: Studies with the Generation-X Mission	Slane, Patrick	SSE
87.	Radio Clues to the Progenitors of "Naked" Cosmic Explosions	Soderberg, Alicia M.	SSE
88.	The Dynamic X-ray Sky of the Local Universe	Soderberg, Alicia M.	SSE
89.	The time axis in stellar evolution	Soderblom, David R.	PSF, SSE
90.	Two-Photon_Absorption_by_H2_Molecules:_Origin_of_the_2175A_Astronomical_Band?	Sorokin, Peter P.	PSF, SSE
91.	Multi-Messenger Astronomy with GRBs: A White Paper for the Astro2010 Decadal Survey	Stamatikos, Michael	SSE
92.	Radio Supernovae: Circum-Stellar Investigation (C.S.I.) of Supernova Progenitor Stars	Stockdale, Christopher	SSE
93.	Cosmic Ray Questions at High Energy	Swordy, Simon	SSE, GAN
94.	Optical Astrometry of Accreting Black Holes and Neutron Stars: Scientific Opportunities	Tomsick, John	SSE
95.	X-ray Timing of Stellar Mass Black Holes	Tomsick, John	SSE
96.	Magnetic Fields in Stellar Astrophysics	Uzdensky, Dmitri A.	SSE
97.	Life Cycles of Magnetic Fields in Stellar Evolution	Uzdensky, Dmitri A.	SSE
98.	The Impact of the Astro2010 Recommendations on Variable Star Science	Walkowicz, Lucianne	SSE
99.	Astronomy on Antarctic Plateau	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
100.	Spectropolarimetry of the Next Decade	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT
101.	Centimeter Wave Star Formation Studies in the Galaxy from Radio Sky Surveys	Welch, William J.	PSF, SSE
102.	Coronal "Dark Energy" and Solar/Stellar Activity	White, Stephen	SSE
103.	What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts? The Unique Role of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Observations	Williams, David A.	SSE
104.	X-Ray Studies of Stars and Planets with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Resolution	Wolk, Scott	PSF, SSE
105.	New Discoveries in Stars and Stellar Evolution through Advances in Laboratory Astrophysics	Working Group on Laboratory Astrophysics	SSE
106.	Essay: Extragalactic Stellar Populations	Worthey, Guy	SSE, GCT
107.	Explosive Transients in the Distant Universe	Wozniak, Przemyslaw	SSE, GCT
108.	Time Domain Research in Astronomy	York, Donald G.	PSF, SSE, CFP
109.	The Next Decade in Astrochemistry: An Integrated Approach	Ziurys, Lucy M.	SSE, GAN

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The Galactic Neighborhood

	White Paper Title	Lead Author	Science Frontier Target
1.	Cosmic Accelerators	Arons, Jonathan	SSE, GAN, GCT
2.	Searching for the Secrets of Massive Star Birth	Bally, John	PSF, GAN
3.	The Nuclei of Low-Mass Galaxies and the Search for the Smallest Massive Black Holes	Barth, Aaron	GAN
4.	SEGUE-2 and APOGEE: Revealing the History of the Milky Way	Beers, Timothy C.	GAN
5.	Astrometry - Challenging our Understanding of Stellar Structure and Evolution	Benedict, G. Fritz	SSE, GAN
6.	The Missing Baryons in the Milky Way and Local Group	Bregman, Joel N.	GAN
7.	The History of Star Formation in Galaxies	Brown, Thomas M.	GAN
8.	Dwarf Galaxies in 2010: Revealing Galaxy Formation’s Threshold and Testing the Nature of Dark Matter	Bullock, James	GAN, CFP
9.	Toward the End of Stars: Discovering the Galaxy’s Coldest Brown Dwarfs	Burgasser, Adam	SSE, GAN
10.	Is the Stellar Initial Mass Function Universal?	Calzetti, Daniela	GAN
11.	From Molecular to Highly-Charged Ions: Expansion of Laboratory Astrophysics Through the Use of the Electrostatic Storage Ring and Electron Beam Ion Trap	Chutjian, Ara	SSE, GAN, CFP
12.	The Star Formation History of the Milky Way and Andromeda Bulges	Clarkson, Will	GAN, GCT
13.	O/IR Polarimetry for the 2010 Decade (GAN): Science at the Edge, Sharp Tools for All	Clemens, Dan	GAN
14.	Extremely Metal-Poor Stars: The Local High Redshift Universe	Cohen, Judith	SSE, GAN
15.	Measuring Stellar Ages and the History of the Milky Way	Covey, Kevin R.	SSE, GAN
16.	Science at Very High Resolution: The Expected and the Unexpected	Creech-Eakman, Michelle	PSF, SSE, GAN
17.	Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs Beyond the Solar Neighborhood	Cruz, Kelle	SSE, GAN
18.	New Opportunities in Microlensing and Mesolensing	Di Stefano, Rosanne	GAN
19.	Astrophysics with radioactive atomic nuclei	Diehl, Roland	SSE, GAN
20.	Revealing Magnetic Fields in the Neutral ISM: Outlook and Goals for the Next Decade	Dowell, C. Darren	GAN
21.	Balloon and Space based Cosmic Ray Astrophysics	Ellison, Donald	SSE, GAN, CFP
22.	Cosmic Feedback from Supermassive Black Holes	Fabian, Andrew C.	GAN, GCT
23.	Young stellar clusters and star formation throughout the Galaxy	Feigelson, Eric	PSF, GAN
24.	The Scientific Capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope	Gardner, Jonathan P.	PSF, SEE, GAN, GCT, CFP
25.	The Science Enabled by Ultrahigh Angular Resolution X-ray and Gamma-ray Imaging of Black Holes	Gendreau, Keith	GAN, GCT, CFP
26.	The Galactic Center: A Laboratory for Fundamental Astrophysics and Galactic Nuclei	Ghez, Andrea	GAN, CFP
27.	Minihalos in and Beyond the Local Group	Giovanelli, Riccardo	GAN
28.	Lifecycle of Dust in Galaxies	Gordon, Karl D.	GAN
29.	Mass Spectrum of the Galaxy	Gould, Andrew	GAN
30.	Measuring the Accreting Stellar and Intermediate Mass Black Hole Populations in the Galaxy and Local Group	Grindlay, Jonathan	SSE, GCT
31.	Reference Science Case for a MOAO-fed Deployable-IFU IR Spectrograph (MDIRS) on Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT): Surveys of Star Formation Over Cosmological Timescales	Guzman, Rafael	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
32.	Heavy-Molecule Astrochemistry: Precursors to Life?	Heiles, Carl	PSF, GAN, GCT
33.	The Dominant, Negelected Fourth Force: The Interstellar Magnetic Field	Heiles, Carl	GAN
34.	The New Interstellar Medium: Transitory, Anisotropic, Magnetic, Turbulent	Heiles, Carl	GAN
35.	Ground-Based Astrometry 2010-2020	Henry, Todd	SSE, GAN
36.	Dust Astronomy	Horanyi, Mihaly	PSF, GAN
37.	Formation of the Elements	Hughes, John P.	SSE, GAN
38.	Medium Energy Gamma-Ray Astrophysics	Hunter, Stanley D.	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
39.	White Paper on Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Astrophysics	Israel, Martin H.	GAN
40.	A Systematic Study of the Stellar Populations and ISM in Galaxies out to the Virgo Cluster: near-field cosmology within a representative slice of the local universe	Jansen, Rolf A.	GAN, GCT
41.	Intense Star Formation in Nearby Merger Galaxies	Johnson, Kelsey	GAN
42.	The Milky Way and Local Volume as Rosetta Stones in Galaxy Formation	Johnston, Kathryn V.	GAN, GCT
43.	Is There a Need for an Improved Celestial Reference Frame ?	Johnston, Kenneth	PSF, GAN, GCT, CFP
44.	High Energy Processes in Stellar Remnants	Kaaret, Philip	SSE, GAN
45.	Resolved Stellar Populations in the Milky Way	Kalirai, Jason	SSE, GAN
46.	White Dwarfs as Astrophysical Probes	Kalirai, Jason	SSE, GAN
47.	The Exploration of the Unkown	Kellermann, Kenneth	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
48.	The Role of Dwarf Galaxies in Building Large Stellar Halos	Kirby, Evan	SSE, GAN
49.	Million Degree Plasmas in Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Astrophysics	Kowalski, Michael P.	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
50.	Transients in the Local Universe	Kulkarni, Shri	SSE, GAN, CFP
51.	Understanding of the role of magnetic fields: Galactic perspective	Lazarian, Alex	GAN
52.	The Dynamic Radio Sky: An Opportunity for Discovery	Lazio, Joseph	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
53.	Solid State Astrophysics: Probing Interstellar Dust and Gas Properties with X-rays	Lee, Julia C.	GAN
54.	Nearby Galaxyes: Templates for Galaxies Across Cosmic Time	Lockman, Felix J.	GAN
55.	Star Formation's Dependence on Environment	Lu, Jessica R.	PSF, GAN
56.	A White Paper on US WEB-Based Astronomical Services	Madore, Barry F.	SSE, GAN, GCT
57.	Project Lyman: Resolving the Physics Behind Reionization	McCandliss, Stephan R.	GAN, GCT, CFP
58.	The First Stars, Supernovae, Nucleosynthesis and Galactic Evolution	McWilliam, Andrew	SSE, GAN
59.	Astrochemistry in Galaxies of the Local Universe	Meier, David S.	GAN
60.	Stellar Populations with JWST: the Beginning and the End	Meixner, Margaret	SSE, GAN
61.	Decadal Survey White Paper: Probing Stellar Dynamics in Galactic Nuclei	Miller, M. Coleman	GAN
62.	High Energy Cosmic Ray Electrons; Scientific Objectives and Perspectives	Mitchell, John W.	SSE, GAN, CFP
63.	Explorations of the Massive Molecular Reservoir at The Galactic Center	Morris, Mark	GAN
64.	Study of Gas Near the Galactic Center Using Infrared Spectra of H3+ and CO	Oka, Takeshi	GAN
65.	An Era of Precision Astrophysics: Connecting Stars, Galaxies and the Universe	Olling, Rob P.	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
66.	The Star Formation Histories of Disk and E/S0 Galaxies from Resolved Stars	Olsen, Knut A.G.	GAN
67.	Finding and Using Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources	Phinney, E. Sterl	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
68.	The Promise of Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Astronomy	Prince, Tom	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
69.	The Very Local Universe in X-rays	Ptak, Andrew	GAN
70.	How do galaxies accrete gas and form stars?	Putman, Mary E.	GAN, GCT
71.	Motions of Galaxies in the Local Group and Beyond:	Reid, Mark	GAN
72.	Structure and Dynamics of the Milky Way	Reid, Mark J.	GAN
73.	The Formation and Evolution of Star Cluster Systems	Rhode, Katherine	GAN
74.	The Chemical Evolution of the Galactic Bulge	Rich, R. Michael	GAN
75.	Structure and Substructure of Galactic Spheroids	Romanowsky, Aaron	GAN
76.	Understanding the Evolution of Molecules in Space: Implications for Astrophysics, Astrochemistry, and Astrobiology	Sandford, Scott	PSF, GAN, GCT
77.	A Proposal for a Renewed Research Emphasis in Astrophysical and Celestial Dynamics	Scheeres, Daniel	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT
78.	Distribution and Structure of Matter in and around Galaxies	Schulz, Norbert S.	GAN, GCT, CFP
79.	The Magellanic Clouds Survey: a Bridge to Nearby Galaxies	Scowen, Paul	PSF, SSE, GAN
80.	The Cosmic Web	Sembach, Kenneth	GAN, GCT
81.	Plasma Physics Processes of the Interstellar Medium	Spangler, Steven R.	GAN
82.	Star Formation Through Cosmic Time: From Local Galaxies to the Early Universe	Stacey, Gordon J.	GAN, GCT
83.	Starburst Galaxies: Outflows of Metals and Energy into the IGM	Strickland, David	GAN, GCT
84.	Cosmic Ray Questions at High Energy	Swordy, Simon	SSE, GAN
85.	Astronomy on Antarctic Plateau	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
86.	Spectropolarimetry of the Next Decade	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT
87.	New Discoveries in the Galactic Neighborhood Through Advances in Laboratory Astrophysics	Working Group on Laboratory Astrophysics	GAN
88.	Deciphering Galaxy Formation with Resolved Stellar Populations	Wyse, Rosemary	GAN, GCT
89.	Accreting Binary Populations and ISM Evolution in Galaxies	Zezas, Andreas	GAN, GCT
90.	The Next Decade in Astrochemistry: An Integrated Approach	Ziurys, Lucy M.	SSE, GAN

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Galaxies Across Cosmic Time

	White Paper Title	Lead Author	Science Frontier Target
1.	Lifting the Cosmic Veil on the Co-evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies: The Role of Far-Infrared Spectroscopy from Space	Armus, Lee	GCT
2.	Galaxy Clusters Across Cosmic Time	Arnaud, Monique	GCT
3.	Cosmic Accelerators	Arons, Jonathan	SSE, GAN, GCT
4.	Science Potential of Extragalactic VHE Gamma-ray Observations	Benbow, Wystan	GCT
5.	A complete view of galaxy evolution: panchromatic luminosity functions and the generation of metals	Blain, Andrew	GCT
6.	Coordinated Science in the Gravitational and Electromagnetic Skies	Bloom, Josh	SSE, GCT, CFP
7.	First Galaxies: Exploring the Reionization Epoch	Bouwens, Rychard	GCT
8.	The Cosmic Web of Baryons	Bregman, Joel N.	GCT, CFP
9.	Imaging the cool gas, dust, star formation, and AGN in the first galaxies	Carilli, Chris	GCT, CFP
10.	High Redshift Radio Galaxies: Laboratories for Massive Galaxy and Cluster Formation in the early Universe	Carilli, Chris	GCT
11.	Plasma Physics in Clusters of Galaxies	Chandran, Benjamin D. G.	GCT, CFP
12.	Origin and evolution of cosmic accelerators - the unique discovery potential of an UHE neutrino telescope	Chen, Pisin	GCT, CFP
13.	FRI radio galaxies at 1 < z < 2 Studying the building blocks of today's most massive galaxies and clusters	Chiaberge, Marco	GCT
14.	The Star Formation History of the Milky Way and Andromeda Bulges	Clarkson, Will	GAN, GCT
15.	First Light Sources at the End of the Dark Ages: Direct Observations of Population III Stars, Proto-Galaxies, and Supernovae During the Reionization Epoch	Cooke, Jeff	GCT, CFP
16.	Lifting the Veil on the Black Hole-Galaxy Connection: Opportunities for 2010-2020	Coppi, Paolo	GCT
17.	Gravitational Wave Astronomy Using Pulsars: Massive Black Hole Mergers & the Early Universe	Demorest, Paul	GCT, CFP
18.	Cosmology from a Redshift Survey of 200 Million Galaxies	Eisenstein, Daniel	GCT, CFP
19.	Active Galaxies and Quasars, 2010-2020	Elvis, Martin	GCT, CFP
20.	Cosmic Feedback from Supermassive Black Holes	Fabian, Andrew C.	GAN, GCT
21.	Science Frontiers In Galaxy Evolution: Deep-Wide Surveys	Ferguson, Henry	GCT
22.	Astrophysics from the Highly-Redshifted 21 cm Line	Furlanetto, Steven	GCT
23.	The Scientific Capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope	Gardner, Jonathan P.	PSF, SEE, GAN, GCT, CFP
24.	The Science Enabled by Ultrahigh Angular Resolution X-ray and Gamma-ray Imaging of Black Holes	Gendreau, Keith	GAN, GCT, CFP
25.	Probing Quiescent Massive Black Holes: Insights from Tidal Disruption Events	Gezari, Suvi	GCT
26.	Galaxy clusters and the cosmic cycle of baryons across cosmic times	Giacconi, Riccardo	GCT
27.	The Quest For a Physical Understanding of Galaxies Across the Cosmic Time	Giavalisco, Mauro	GCT, CFP
28.	Magnetically driven activity in the solar corona: a path to understanding the energetics of astrophysical plasmas	Gibson, Sarah	SSE, GCT
29.	Understanding the State of the Intracluster Medium in Galaxy Clusters	Golwala, Sunil	GCT
30.	Nuclear Resonances: The quest for large column densities and a new tool	Greiner, Jochen	SSE, GCT
31.	Measuring the Accreting Stellar and Intermediate Mass Black Hole Populations in the Galaxy and Local Group	Grindlay, Jonathan	SSE, GCT
32.	Understanding the Astrophysics of Galaxy Evolution: the role of spectroscopic surveys in the next decade	Gunn, James E.	GCT, CFP
33.	Reference Science Case for a MOAO-fed Deployable-IFU IR Spectrograph (MDIRS) on Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT): Surveys of Star Formation Over Cosmological Timescales	Guzman, Rafael	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
34.	Reading the Metal Diaries of the Universe: Tracing Cosmic Chemical Evolution	Hartmann, Dieter	GCT, CFP
35.	Tracing the Cosmic Star Formation History to its Beginnings: GRBs as Tools	Hartmann, Dieter H.	SSE, GCT, CFP
36.	Engineering Einstein: Astrophysical Black Holes	Hawley, John	SSE, GCT
37.	Large-scale, Optical/Near-IR Galaxy Surveys with a 4-m Space Telescope	Heap, Sara R.	PSF, GCT, CFP
38.	Heavy-Molecule Astrochemistry: Precursors to Life?	Heiles, Carl	PSF, GAN, GCT
39.	Direct in situ Observations of Magnetic Fields in Galaxies at Increasingly High Redshifts	Heiles, Carl	GCT
40.	O/IR Polarimetry for the 2010 Decade (CGT): Science at the Edge, Sharp Tools for All	Hines, Dean C.	GCT
41.	The Buildup of Early-Type Galaxies: Measuring the Formation and Assembly of Stellar Mass Since z~2.5	Holden, Bradford	GCT
42.	Medium Energy Gamma-Ray Astrophysics	Hunter, Stanley D.	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
43.	A Systematic Study of the Stellar Populations and ISM in Galaxies out to the Virgo Cluster: near-field cosmology within a representative slice of the local universe	Jansen, Rolf A.	GAN, GCT
44.	Galaxy Assembly and SMBH/AGN-growth from Cosmic Dawn to the End of Reionization (revised)	Jansen, Rolf A.	GCT, CFP
45.	The Milky Way and Local Volume as Rosetta Stones in Galaxy Formation	Johnston, Kathryn V.	GAN, GCT
46.	Is There a Need for an Improved Celestial Reference Frame ?	Johnston, Kenneth	PSF, GAN, GCT, CFP
47.	Probing Galaxy Evolution with HI 21cm Absorption Spectroscopy	Kanekar, Nissim	GCT
48.	Echoes of Black Holes: In Search of Rapidly Spinning Black Holes with Timing Observations	Kazanas, Demosthenes	SSE, GCT, CFP
49.	The Exploration of the Unkown	Kellermann, Kenneth	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
50.	Photometric Calibrations for 21st Century Science	Kent, Stephen	SSE, GCT, CFP
51.	Tracing the Mass Buildup of Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies	Koekemoer, Anton M.	GCT, CFP
52.	Strong Gravitational Lensing as a Probe of Gravity, Dark-Matter and Super-Massive Black Holes	Koopmans, Leon	GCT, CFP
53.	Million Degree Plasmas in Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Astrophysics	Kowalski, Michael P.	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
54.	Active Galactic Nuclei and their role in Galaxy Formation and Evolution	Kraemer, Steve	GCT
55.	Towards the 2020 vision of the baryon content of galaxy groups and clusters	Kravtsov, Andrey	GCT, CFP
56.	Understanding Galaxy Assembly	Labbe, Ivo	GCT
57.	Kinematics and Formation Mechanisms of High-Redshift Galaxies	Law, David R.	GCT
58.	The Dynamic Radio Sky: An Opportunity for Discovery	Lazio, Joseph	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
59.	The Formation and Growth of the First Black Holes	Lehmer, Bret	GCT
60.	The Need for Plasma Astrophysics in Understanding Life Cycles of Active Galaxies	Li, Hui	GCT, CFP
61.	Massive Black Holes Across Cosmic Time	Madau, Piero	GCT
62.	A White Paper on US WEB-Based Astronomical Services	Madore, Barry F.	SSE, GAN, GCT
63.	Diffuse Baryonic Matter Beyond 2020	Markevitch, Maxim	GCT, CFP
64.	Exploring the Most Compact Regions of Relativistic Jets with the Ultra-high Angular Resolution of Space VLBI	Marscher, Alan	GCT
65.	The Science Enabled by UV Emission Line Mapping of the Intergalactic Medium and Circum-Galactic Medium	Martin, Christopher	GCT, CFP
66.	Project Lyman: Resolving the Physics Behind Reionization	McCandliss, Stephan R.	GAN, GCT, CFP
67.	In Situ Probes of the First Galaxies and Reionization: Gamma-ray Bursts	McQuinn, Matthew	SSE, GCT, CFP
68.	Fundamental Accretion and Ejection Astrophysics	Miller, Jon M.	GCT
69.	Probing Stellar Dynamics in Galactic Nuclei	Miller, M. Coleman	GCT
70.	The growth and evolution of super massive black holes	Murray, Stephen S.	GCT
71.	Galaxy Cluster Astrophysics and Cosmology: Questions and Opportunities for the Coming Decade	Myers, Steven T.	GCT, CFP
72.	The Growth of Supermassive Black Holes Across Cosmic Time	Nandra, Kirpal	GCT
73.	Mass makeup of galaxies	Ofek, Eran O.	GCT
74.	An Era of Precision Astrophysics: Connecting Stars, Galaxies and the Universe	Olling, Rob P.	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
75.	Observing the Evolution of the Universe	Page, Lyman	GCT, CFP
76.	Finding and Using Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources	Phinney, E. Sterl	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
77.	The Promise of Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Astronomy	Prince, Tom	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
78.	Dissecting the Epoch of Reionization with Discrete, Embedded Sources	Prochaska, J. Xavier	GCT, CFP
79.	How do galaxies accrete gas and form stars?	Putman, Mary E.	GAN, GCT
80.	Calling All Baryons - Low Light Level Observations of the Cosmic Web	Rauch, Michael	GCT, CFP
81.	Clusters and Large-Scale Structure: the Synchrotron Keys	Rudnick, Lawrence	GCT, CFP
82.	Understanding the Evolution of Molecules in Space: Implications for Astrophysics, Astrochemistry, and Astrobiology	Sandford, Scott	PSF, GAN, GCT
83.	A Proposal for a Renewed Research Emphasis in Astrophysical and Celestial Dynamics	Scheeres, Daniel	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT
84.	Distribution and Structure of Matter in and around Galaxies	Schulz, Norbert S.	GAN, GCT, CFP
85.	The Cosmic Web	Sembach, Kenneth	GAN, GCT
86.	Star Formation Through Cosmic Time: From Local Galaxies to the Early Universe	Stacey, Gordon J.	GAN, GCT
87.	Galaxy Evolution Studies with Deep, Wide-field, Near-Infrared Surveys	Stanford, Spencer A.	GCT
88.	Mapping the `Cosmic Web' During the Peak Epoch of Galaxy Formation	Steidel, Charles C.	GCT, CFP
89.	Starburst Galaxies: Outflows of Metals and Energy into the IGM	Strickland, David	GAN, GCT
90.	Concept and a Novel Design for an All Sky Low Energy Gamma-ray Observatory	Ulmer, Mel	GCT, CFP
91.	X-ray Cluster Cosmology	Vikhlinin, Alexey	GCT
92.	Astronomy on Antarctic Plateau	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
93.	Spectropolarimetry of the Next Decade	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT
94.	What is the Structure of Relativistic Jets in AGN on Scales of Light Days?	Wehrle, Ann	GCT
95.	The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Precision measurement of the absolute cosmic distance scale	White, Martin	GCT, CFP
96.	Galaxies Across Cosmic Time with JWST	Windhorst, Rogier A.	GCT
97.	New Discoveries in Galaxies across Cosmic Time through Advances in Laboratory Astrophysics	Working Group on Laboratory Astrophysics	GCT
98.	Essay: Extragalactic Stellar Populations	Worthey, Guy	SSE, GCT
99.	Explosive Transients in the Distant Universe	Wozniak, Przemyslaw	SSE, GCT
100.	Tracing the Evolution and Distribution of Metallicity in the Early Universe	Wright, Shelley	GCT
101.	Deciphering Galaxy Formation with Resolved Stellar Populations	Wyse, Rosemary	GAN, GCT
102.	The formation and evolution of the cold gas component and the baryonic mass build-up history in galaxies	Yun, Min S.	GCT
103.	Accreting Binary Populations and ISM Evolution in Galaxies	Zezas, Andreas	GAN, GCT

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Cosmology and Fundamental Physics

	White Paper Title	Lead Author	Science Frontier Target
1.	Detection of Dark Matter Decay in the X-ray	Abazajian, Kevork	CFP
2.	The Dark Side of Reionization: Probing Cooling in the Early Universe	Appleton, Philip	CFP
3.	X-ray Timing of Neutron Stars, Astrophysical Probes of Extreme Physics	Arzoumanian, Zaven	SSE, CFP
4.	Testing Gravitational Time Delay Predictions of General Relativity	Ashby, Neil	CFP
5.	Coordinated Science in the Gravitational and Electromagnetic Skies	Bloom, Josh	SSE, GCT, CFP
6.	Cosmology with Water-vapor Megamasers	Braatz, James	CFP
7.	The Cosmic Web of Baryons	Bregman, Joel N.	GCT, CFP
8.	Spin and Relativistic Phenomena Around Black Holes	Brenneman, Laura	CFP
9.	Cosmology and Fundamental Physics with Gamma-Ray Astronomy	Buckley, James	CFP
10.	Dwarf Galaxies in 2010: Revealing Galaxy Formation’s Threshold and Testing the Nature of Dark Matter	Bullock, James	GAN, CFP
11.	Space Time Asymmetry Research (STAR)	Byer, Robert L.	CFP
12.	For a Comprehensive Space-Based Dark Energy Mission	Cahn, Robert	CFP
13.	Imaging the cool gas, dust, star formation, and AGN in the first galaxies	Carilli, Chris	GCT, CFP
14.	Plasma Physics in Clusters of Galaxies	Chandran, Benjamin D. G.	GCT, CFP
15.	A Panchromatic Search for Light Bosons in Astrophysical Environments	Chelouche, Doron	CFP
16.	Origin and evolution of cosmic accelerators - the unique discovery potential of an UHE neutrino telescope	Chen, Pisin	GCT, CFP
17.	From Molecular to Highly-Charged Ions: Expansion of Laboratory Astrophysics Through the Use of the Electrostatic Storage Ring and Electron Beam Ion Trap	Chutjian, Ara	SSE, GAN, CFP
18.	Detailed dark matter maps of galaxy cluster substructure and direct comparison to simulations	Coe, Dan	CFP
19.	First Light Sources at the End of the Dark Ages: Direct Observations of Population III Stars, Proto-Galaxies, and Supernovae During the Reionization Epoch	Cooke, Jeff	GCT, CFP
20.	A New Era in Extragalactic Background Light Measurements: The Cosmic History of Accretion, Nucleosynthesis and Reionization	Cooray, Asantha	CFP
21.	Tests of Gravity and Neutron Star Properties from Precision Pulsar Timing and Interferometry	Cordes, James	SSE, CFP
22.	SN Ia Cosmology and Deep Imaging Survey	Crotts, Arlin	CFP
23.	Gravitational Wave Astronomy Using Pulsars: Massive Black Hole Mergers & the Early Universe	Demorest, Paul	GCT, CFP
24.	The Origin of the Universe as Revealed Through the Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background	Dodelson, Scott	CFP
25.	Imaging an Event Horizon: submm-VLBI of a Super Massive Black Hole	Doeleman, Sheperd	CFP
26.	Cosmology from a Redshift Survey of 200 Million Galaxies	Eisenstein, Daniel	GCT, CFP
27.	Balloon and Space based Cosmic Ray Astrophysics	Ellison, Donald	SSE, GAN, CFP
28.	Active Galaxies and Quasars, 2010-2020	Elvis, Martin	GCT, CFP
29.	Beaming Selection and SN-GRB-Jets Evolution	Fargion, Daniele	CFP
30.	Tau Neutrino Astronomy by GZK UHE He	Fargion, Daniele	CFP
31.	Cosmology from the Highly-Redshifted 21 cm Line	Furlanetto, Steven	CFP
32.	The Scientific Capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope	Gardner, Jonathan P.	PSF, SEE, GAN, GCT, CFP
33.	The Science Enabled by Ultrahigh Angular Resolution X-ray and Gamma-ray Imaging of Black Holes	Gendreau, Keith	GAN, GCT, CFP
34.	The Galactic Center: A Laboratory for Fundamental Astrophysics and Galactic Nuclei	Ghez, Andrea	GAN, CFP
35.	The Quest For a Physical Understanding of Galaxies Across the Cosmic Time	Giavalisco, Mauro	GCT, CFP
36.	Calibrating Galaxy Clusters as a Tool for Cosmology via Studies of the Intracluster Medium	Golwala, Sunil	CFP
37.	Wide Field Imager in Space for Dark Energy and Planets	Gould, Andrew	PSF, CFP
38.	Estimation of the Hubble Constant and Con-straint on Descriptions of Dark Energy	Greenhill, Lincoln	CFP
39.	Understanding the Astrophysics of Galaxy Evolution: the role of spectroscopic surveys in the next decade	Gunn, James E.	GCT, CFP
40.	Reference Science Case for a MOAO-fed Deployable-IFU IR Spectrograph (MDIRS) on Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT): Surveys of Star Formation Over Cosmological Timescales	Guzman, Rafael	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
41.	Dedicated Indirect Searches for Dark Matter Using Antideuterons	Hailey, Chuck	CFP
42.	Reading the Metal Diaries of the Universe: Tracing Cosmic Chemical Evolution	Hartmann, Dieter	GCT, CFP
43.	Tracing the Cosmic Star Formation History to its Beginnings: GRBs as Tools	Hartmann, Dieter H.	SSE, GCT, CFP
44.	Large-scale, Optical/Near-IR Galaxy Surveys with a 4-m Space Telescope	Heap, Sara R.	PSF, GCT, CFP
45.	Interpreting the Dark Energy Figure of Merit	Hirata, Christopher	CFP
46.	Gravitational Waves from New Physics	Hogan, Craig	CFP
47.	Precision Cosmology with Gravitational Waves	Hogan, Craig	CFP
48.	SN Science 2010-2020	Howell, D. Andrew	SSE, CFP
49.	Medium Energy Gamma-Ray Astrophysics	Hunter, Stanley D.	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
50.	Galaxy Assembly and SMBH/AGN-growth from Cosmic Dawn to the End of Reionization (revised)	Jansen, Rolf A.	GCT, CFP
51.	Is There a Need for an Improved Celestial Reference Frame ?	Johnston, Kenneth	PSF, GAN, GCT, CFP
52.	Probing Fundamental Constant Evolution with Astronomical Spectroscopy	Kanekar, Nissim	CFP
53.	Solar and Heliospheric Physics with Low Frequency Radio Arrays	Kasper, Justin	SSE, CFP
54.	Echoes of Black Holes: In Search of Rapidly Spinning Black Holes with Timing Observations	Kazanas, Demosthenes	SSE, GCT, CFP
55.	Generation, Evolution and Destruction of Solar Magnetic Fields	Keil, Stephen L.	SSE, CFP
56.	The Exploration of the Unkown	Kellermann, Kenneth	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
57.	Photometric Calibrations for 21st Century Science	Kent, Stephen	SSE, GCT, CFP
58.	Tracing the Mass Buildup of Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies	Koekemoer, Anton M.	GCT, CFP
59.	Non-Gaussianity as a Probe of the Physics of the Primordial Universe and the Astrophysics of the Low Redshift Universe	Komatsu, Eiichiro	CFP
60.	Strong Gravitational Lensing as a Probe of Gravity, Dark-Matter and Super-Massive Black Holes	Koopmans, Leon	GCT, CFP
61.	Million Degree Plasmas in Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Astrophysics	Kowalski, Michael P.	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
62.	Towards the 2020 vision of the baryon content of galaxy groups and clusters	Kravtsov, Andrey	GCT, CFP
63.	Transients in the Local Universe	Kulkarni, Shri	SSE, GAN, CFP
64.	Astrophysical probes of dark matter properties	Kusenko, Alexander	CFP
65.	Extreme Astrophysics with Neutron Stars	Lai, Dong	SSE, CFP
66.	Radio Detection of UHE-Neutrinos: Cosmic Tracers of the High Energy Universe	Langston, Glen	CFP
67.	Understanding Polarized Foreground from Dust: Towards Reliable Measurements of CMB Polarization	Lazarian, Alex	CFP
68.	The Dynamic Radio Sky: An Opportunity for Discovery	Lazio, Joseph	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
69.	The Need for Plasma Astrophysics in Understanding Life Cycles of Active Galaxies	Li, Hui	GCT, CFP
70.	Diffuse Baryonic Matter Beyond 2020	Markevitch, Maxim	GCT, CFP
71.	Dark Matter Structures in the Universe: Prospects for Optical Astronomy in the Next Decade	Marshall, Phil	CFP
72.	The Science Enabled by UV Emission Line Mapping of the Intergalactic Medium and Circum-Galactic Medium	Martin, Christopher	GCT, CFP
73.	Project Lyman: Resolving the Physics Behind Reionization	McCandliss, Stephan R.	GAN, GCT, CFP
74.	Measuring the Spins of Stellar-Mass Black Holes	McClintock, Jeffrey E.	SSE, CFP
75.	In Situ Probes of the First Galaxies and Reionization: Gamma-ray Bursts	McQuinn, Matthew	SSE, GCT, CFP
76.	Inflation and the Power of a High-z Galaxy Redshift Survey	Melnick, Gary J.	CFP
77.	STEP, The Satellite Test Of The Equivalence Principla	Mester, John	CFP
78.	High Energy Cosmic Ray Electrons; Scientific Objectives and Perspectives	Mitchell, John W.	SSE, GAN, CFP
79.	Strong gravitational lensing probes of the particle nature of dark matter	Moustakas, Leonidas A.	CFP
80.	Observational Studies of Potential Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae	Mukai, Koji	SSE, CFP
81.	Galaxy Cluster Astrophysics and Cosmology: Questions and Opportunities for the Coming Decade	Myers, Steven T.	GCT, CFP
82.	The Billion Galaxy Cosmological HI Large Deep Survey (BiG-CHILDS)	Myers, Steven T.	CFP
83.	The astrophysics of ultra-compact binaries	Nelemans, Gijs	CFP
84.	Combining JDEM and Exoplanet Missions	Noecker, M. Charles	PSF, CFP
85.	White Paper on Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays	Olinto, Angela V.	CFP
86.	An Era of Precision Astrophysics: Connecting Stars, Galaxies and the Universe	Olling, Rob P.	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
87.	The Behavior Of Matter Under Extreme Conditions	Paerels, Frits	SSE, CFP
88.	X-ray Spectroscopy of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium	Paerels, Frits	CFP
89.	Observing the Evolution of the Universe	Page, Lyman	GCT, CFP
90.	Condensed Matter Analogues of Cosmological Phenomena.	Penanen, Konstantin	CFP
91.	21-cm Intensity Mapping	Peterson, Jeffrey B.	CFP
92.	Finding and Using Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources	Phinney, E. Sterl	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
93.	Type II Supernovae as Probes of Cosmlogy	Poznanski, Dovi	SSE, CFP
94.	The Promise of Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Astronomy	Prince, Tom	SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
95.	Dissecting the Epoch of Reionization with Discrete, Embedded Sources	Prochaska, J. Xavier	GCT, CFP
96.	Calling All Baryons - Low Light Level Observations of the Cosmic Web	Rauch, Michael	GCT, CFP
97.	Dark Energy from a Space-Based Platform	Riess, Adam	CFP
98.	Clusters and Large-Scale Structure: the Synchrotron Keys	Rudnick, Lawrence	GCT, CFP
99.	Direct Searches for Dark Matter	Sadoulet, Bernard	CFP
100.	Hubble Accelerations Described Relative to Mass Distributions in theUniverse through the Use of Cosmological Kinematics	Savickas, David	CFP
101.	Distribution and Structure of Matter in and around Galaxies	Schulz, Norbert S.	GAN, GCT, CFP
102.	Will Einstein Have the Last Word on Gravity?	Schutz, Bernard	CFP
103.	The Case for Deep, Wide-Field Cosmology	Scranton, Ryan	CFP
104.	Properties of Dark Matter Revealed by Astrometric Measurements of the Milky Way and Local Galaxies	Shaya, Edward	CFP
105.	Mapping the `Cosmic Web' During the Peak Epoch of Galaxy Formation	Steidel, Charles C.	GCT, CFP
106.	First light and reionization : open questions in the post-JWST era	Stiavelli, Massimo	CFP
107.	Space Time Asymmetry Research (STAR)	Sun, Ke-Xun	CFP
108.	White paper on Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays -Extreme Universe Space Observatory on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO)	Takahashi, Yoshiyuki	CFP
109.	Opportunities for Probing Fundamental Gravity with Solar System Experiments	Turyshev, Slava G.	CFP
110.	Concept and a Novel Design for an All Sky Low Energy Gamma-ray Observatory	Ulmer, Mel	GCT, CFP
111.	Cosmological studies with a large-area X-ray telescope	Vikhlinin, Alexey	CFP
112.	Astronomy on Antarctic Plateau	Wang, Lifan	PSF, SSE, GAN, GCT, CFP
113.	Probing Gravity and Cosmology with Ground-based Gravitational Wave Detectors	Whitcomb, Stan	CFP
114.	The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Precision measurement of the absolute cosmic distance scale	White, Martin	GCT, CFP
115.	New Discoveries in Cosmology and Fundamental Physics through Advances in Laboratory Astrophysics	Working Group on Laboratory Astrophysics	CFP
116.	Time Domain Research in Astronomy	York, Donald G.	PSF, SSE, CFP
117.	Exploring Dark Energy with Next-Generation Photometric Redshift Surveys	Zhan, Hu	CFP

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