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Cycle 8 (2019 Deadline)
Identifying conditions for successful landscape-scale conservation policy implementation in Vietnam
PI: Pham Thu Thuy (t.pham@cgiar.org), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), in partnership with the Vietnam National University of Forestry
U.S. Partner: Darla Munroe, The Ohio State University
Project dates: January 2020 - December 2022
Project Overview
Data collected by CIFOR’s Global Comparative Study on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (GCS-REDD, 2008-2020), partly funded by USAID, provides an empirical foundation to study the connection between conservation stakeholder networks and the ecological and livelihoods impacts of landscape-scale forest conservation in Vietnam. While Vietnam’s Payment for Forest Environmental Services (PFES, 2008-present) and REDD+ (2012-present) policies were implemented, CIFOR collected data on national forest policy networks. In this PEER project, the PI and her team collected socioeconomic and remote sensing data on land cover before and after PFES and REDD+ implementation for the entire country, using landscape ecology statistics to characterize forest change around and landscape connectivity between sites. They used archival materials from government, NGO/CSO, and other organizations’ websites and annual reports, newspaper reports, and policy literature, alongside GSC-REDD’s national policy network data, to identify collaborative networks involved in PFES and REDD+ implementation in an sample of provinces. These additional data, combined with the large existing archive of qualitative data collected as part of the GCS-REDD study, allowed them to model connections between conservation stakeholders, testing the relationship between network structures, land-use changes, and ecological outcomes.
 | | Participants of the November 2020 knowledge sharing workshops (photo courtesy of Dr.Pham). |
This project’s findings should fill a critical gap by collecting and assessing evidence on the impacts of PFES and REDD+ on forest cover and structure and local livelihoods. The project also helped build capacity for multiple stakeholders (government agencies, NGOs, research institutes, the private sector, and the media), bridging organizations to encourage participation, dialogue, and coordination across scales and sectors. The project’s cross-scale focus is particularly important given that REDD+ capacity building in Vietnam has focused on the national level, and collaboration beyond the state forest sector has been difficult due to scarce resources and limited capacity. This study has provided the Vietnamese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development with scientific inputs that will enable the ministry to refine its PFES and REDD+ monitoring and evaluation framework. As 25 million people in Vietnam are forest dependents and more than 5 million are participating in the PFES scheme, this study can enhance local-level social capital while increasing the effectiveness of the scheme.
Final Summary of Project Activities
 | | The project team conducts a workshop with US partners (photo courtesy of Dr. Pham). |
This project provided scientific evidence for the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and
practitioners in Vietnam to design and implement more effective, efficient, and equitable payment for forest environmental services in Vietnam. As of March 2023, the PI Dr. Pham and her team had produced six peer-reviewed journal articles and nineteen Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) information briefs and other publications. Although the shutdowns and travel restrictions of the COVID era understandably delayed progress, by 2022 the team was able to bring to fruition their efforts to gather data, train young students and scientists, publish their findings and recommendations, and disseminate those to audiences in Vietnam, the U.S., and beyond. They held their final project workshop on December 20, 2022, and it was entitled “Forest Carbon Market Post COP27 and Transformative Pathway for Vietnam. This workshop included sessions on (1) the current status and future trends of the forest carbon market; (2) updates from COP27 and its implication for the global carbon market and Vietnam; (3) lessons learned from other forest-rich countries (e.g., Peru and Indonesia) on how they set up and operationalize the forest carbon market; and (4) opportunities and challenges for Vietnam to design and operate the forest carbon market. This workshop co-organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), CIFOR, and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). There were 188 participants (both online and in person), including several donors from Canada, Norway, and the United Kingdom.
Dr. Pham noted in her final report that the PEER project had helped her and her colleagues generate findings and identify policy gaps that need to be addressed with support from international donors, and disseminate lessons learned in past activities. She has already received two other grants totaling US $324,000 (one from Amazon and one from USAID) to carry out additional work on sustainable wetland adaptation and mitigation research on mangroves in Vietnam. Another key achievement cited by the PI is the learning and information exchange PEER supported between U.S. and Vietnamese scientists. The researchers held virtual meetings on a weekly basis and exchanged in-person visits in both directions. The U.S. partners also used content from the PEER-supported research to enhance their curricula and instructional materials for their students. The Vietnamese and U.S. researchers plan to continue collaborating and identifying additional funding opportunities to support their work.
Publications
Pham, T.T.; Duong, N.P.; Le Thi, T.T. 2022. Impacts of Payment for Forest Ecosystem Services on Local livelihoods in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province, Viet Nam. Forest and Society 6(2): 590-608. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/view/18808
Pham, T.T.; Hoàng, T.L.; Dương, T.B.N.; Lê, T.T.T.; Trần Ngọc, M.H. 2022. Understanding Payment for Forest Environmental Services in Vietnam in times of Covid-19: Research methods and guidelines. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8495
Pham, T.T.; Hoàng, T.L.; Dương, T.B.N.; Dương, N.P.; Lê, T.T.T.; Trần Ngọc, M.H. 2022. Tìm hiểu vai trò của Chi trả Dịch vụ Môi trường rừng ở Việt Nam trong thời điểm Covid-19: Phương pháp và hướng dẫn nghiên cứu. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8494
Pham, T.T.; Mwangi, E.; Vu, T.P.; Hoang, T.L. 2022. Tìm hiểu về quản trị rừng ngập mặn: Các phương pháp và hướng dẫn nghiên cứu. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8479
van Noordwijk, M.; Pham, T.T.; Leimona, B.; Duguma, L.A.; Baral, H.; Khasanah, N.; Dewi, S.; Minang, P.A. 2022. Carbon footprints, informed consumer decisions and shifts towards responsible agriculture, forestry, and other land uses? Carbon Footprints 1: 4. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8512
Pham TT, Tang TKH Nguyen CC. 2022. Forest carbon market in Vietnam: Legal framework, opportunities and challenges. Occasional Paper 238. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.
Pham, T.T.; Tang, H.T.K.; Nguyen, N.T.K.; Dang, P.H.; Nguyen, Anh T.V.; Nguyen, A.T.T.; Tran, H.N.M.; Hoang, L.T.; Tran, Duyen N.L.. Nguyen, Quang N. 2022. COVID-19 impacts, opportunities and challenges for wildlife farms in Binh Duong and Ba Ria Vung Tau, Vietnam. Global Ecology and Conservation 40: e02314. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8715
Pham, T.T.; Tang, T.K.H.; Dang, H.P.; Nguyen, T.K.N.; Hoang, T.L.; Tran, N.M.H.; Nguyen, T.T.A.; Nguyen, T.V.A.; Valencia, I. 2022. Policymaker perceptions of COVID-19 impacts, opportunities and challenges for sustainable wildlife farm management in Vietnam. Environmental Science & Policy 136: 497-509. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8630
Pham, T.T.; Vien, N.N.; Vo, Q.T.; Tang, T.K.H.; Nguyen, T.L.; Tran, N.M.H.; Nguyen, T.T.A.; Nguyen, T.V.A.; Nguyen, N.Q. 2022. Opportunities and challenges for mangrove restoration in the Mekong Delta: Status, policies and stakeholder outlook. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8610
Pham, T.T.; Vu, T.P.; Nguyen, T.M.L.; Hoang, T.L.; Trần Ngọc, M.H. 2022. Institutional setting for naturebased solutions and REDD+ policies and projects in Viet Nam.
https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8614
Pham, T.T.; Duong, N.P.; Le Thi, T.T. 2022 Impacts of Payment for Forest Ecosystem Services on Local livelihoods in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province, Viet Nam. Forest and Society 6(2): 590-608. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8597
Tran Nhat, L.D.; Nguyen, D.T.; Nong Nguyen, K.N.; Pham, T.T.; Vu, V.T. 2022. Determinants of swidden communities’ land-use decision-making for different crops in Son La and Nghe An provinces, Vietnam. Land Use Policy 119, 106190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106190
Pham, T.T.; Tăng Thị, K.H.; Nguyễn Thị, K.N.; Đặng, H.P.; Dương, N.P.; Lê Thị, T.T. 2022 Methods for studying Covid-19 impacts on wildlife conservation policies and local livelihoods in Vietnam. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8497
Pham, T.T.; Tăng Thị, K.H.; Nguyễn Thị, K.N.; Đặng, H.P.; Dương, N.P.; Lê Thị, T.T. 2022 Phương pháp nghiên cứu tác động của đại dịch Covid-19 đến chính sách, sinh kế và các hoạt động bảo tồn động vật hoang dã tại Việt Nam. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8496
Pham, H.T.; Ngô, V.T.; Pham, T.T.; Bùi, T.T.; Nguyễn Thị, L.G. 2022. The role of mangroves in supporting ports and the shipping industry to reduce emissions and water pollution.
https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8493
Pham, TT; Nguyen, TD; Dao, CTL; Hoang, LT; Pham, LH; Nguyen, LT; Tran, BK. 2021. Impacts of Payment for Forest Environmental Services in Cat Tien National Park. Forests 2021, 12, 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070921
Dương NP, Phạm TT, Lê TTT, Nguyễn TDH, Đỗ TTÁ, Trần QT và Dương HM. 2021. Thực thi chính sách chi trả dịch vụ môi trường rừng tại Thừa Thiên Huế: Bài học từ huyện A Lưới. Báo cáo chuyên đề 227. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-227.pdf
Dương NP, Phạm TT, Lê TTT, Nguyễn TDH, Đỗ TTÁ, Trần QT và Hồ ĐN. 2021. Tác động môi trường của chính sách chi trả dịch vụ môi trường rừng tại Huyện A Lưới – Tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Báo cáo chuyên đề 226. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8207/
Pham, TT; Le, TTT; Tuyet, HNK; Pham, VT; Tran, PHNK; Tran, TD; Tran, NMH; Nguyen, TTA; Nguyen, TVA. 2021. Impacts of Payment for Forest Ecosystem Services in Protecting Forests in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. Forests 2021, 12, 1383. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12101383
Dương NP, Phạm TT, Lê TTT, Nguyễn TDH và Đỗ TTÁ. 2021. Tác động của chi trả dịch vụ môi trường rừng tại Thừa Thiên Huế đến đời sống kinh tế xã hội của cộng đồng: Bài học từ huyện A Lưới- tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Báo cáo chuyên đề 225. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8206/
Tuyết HNK, Phạm VT, Trần TD, Trần PHNK, Y JB, Nguyễn TP, Lưu MT, H’Uyên N, H’Loát K, Phạm TT và Hoàng TL. 2021. Tác động của chi trả dịch vụ môi trường rừng tại Đắk Lắk, Việt Nam. Báo cáo chuyên đề 228. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/OccPapers/OP-228.pdf
Pham T.T.; Hamilton, M.; and Gallemore, C. 2021. Kết quả ban đầu của đánh giá tác động Chi trả Dịch vụ Môi trường Rừng (PFES) đối với mạng lưới rừng và quản trị, thu nhập hộ gia đình và thực trạng mất rừng ở Việt Nam. Infobrief 330. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/8062
Pham T.T.; Hamilton, M.; and Gallemore, C. 2021. Preliminary results of assessments on the impacts of Payments for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) on forest networks and governance, household income and forest loss in Vietnam. Infobrief 325. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/infobrief/7998-infobrief.pdf
Pham, T.T..; Đặng, L.H.; Tăng Thị, K.H.; Đặng, H.P.; Hoàng, T.L.; Phạm, T. Thuyền; Nguyễn Thị, K.N.; Nguyen Thi, V.A.; Nguyen Thi, T.A.; Phạm, T. Tuấn. 2021. Willingness to participate in Payment for Mangrove Environmental Services: Maritime sector and shipping industry stakeholder perspectives. Infobrief 334. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/infobrief/8084-infobrief.pdf
Pham, T.T.; Đặng, L.H.; Tăng Thị, K.H.; Đặng, H.P.; Hoàng, T.L.; Phạm, T. Thuyền; Nguyễn Thị, K.N.; Nguyen Thi, V.A.; Nguyen Thi, T.A.; Phạm, T. Tuấn. 2021.Sự sẵn lòng tham gia vào Chi trả dịch vụ môi trường rừng ngập mặn Góc nhìn từ hãng tàu và các bên liên quan trong ngành vận tải biển. Infobrief 333. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/008083
Further information on events organized under the project is available at https://www.cifor.org/event/gcs-redd-knowledge-sharing-events-in-vietnam/.
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